How PCOS Affects Thyroid Health: What You Need to Know

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and thyroid disorders often overlap, though hyperthyroidism—an overactive thyroid—is less common in those with PCOS. 

Research suggests a connection between PCOS and thyroid dysfunction, particularly autoimmune thyroid diseases like Graves’ disease and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

The Connection Between PCOS and Thyroid Disorders

People with PCOS have a higher risk of developing thyroid disorders, though hypothyroidism is more common than hyperthyroidism. PCOS does not directly cause hyperthyroidism, but studies indicate a possible link due to hormonal imbalances.

High androgen levels in PCOS may impact thyroid function. Additionally, autoimmune thyroid diseases appear to be more common in those with PCOS.

One reason for this overlap may be immune system dysfunction. PCOS is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which can contribute to autoimmune diseases, including those affecting the thyroid. 

Research suggests that people with PCOS have higher levels of thyroid autoantibodies, which are linked to conditions like Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Graves’ disease.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Hyperthyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone, leading to symptoms such as anxiety, fatigue, excessive sweating, rapid heartbeat, tremors, and weight loss. 

These symptoms contrast with common PCOS signs, which include weight gain, thinning hair, acne, and oily skin.

Because symptoms of PCOS and thyroid disorders can overlap, diagnosis can be complex. Doctors use physical exams, blood tests, and imaging techniques to assess both conditions. 

A thyroid examination may reveal swelling or tenderness, while blood tests check for thyroid hormone imbalances and elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels.

Imaging tests like ultrasounds and thyroid scans help detect thyroid abnormalities.

For PCOS, doctors assess symptoms such as irregular periods, acne, excessive hair growth, and hair thinning. 

Blood tests measure hormone and insulin levels, while an ultrasound can confirm the presence of ovarian cysts. Because both conditions affect metabolism and hormone regulation, a thorough medical evaluation is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Treatment Approaches

Treatment for hyperthyroidism in people with PCOS depends on severity and individual health factors. Doctors may prescribe antithyroid drugs like methimazole or propylthiouracil to regulate hormone levels. 

In some cases, beta-blockers may be used to control symptoms like rapid heartbeat and tremors. If medication is ineffective, treatments like radioactive iodine therapy or surgery may be considered.

People with PCOS have a higher risk of thyroid disorders, with autoimmune thyroid diseases being more common

Lifestyle changes play a crucial role in managing both conditions. A balanced diet, regular exercise, and stress management can help regulate hormones and reduce symptoms.

For PCOS, treatments such as birth control pills, insulin-sensitizing medications, or anti-androgen drugs may be prescribed. Addressing insulin resistance, which is common in PCOS, can also help manage metabolic imbalances.

Though hyperthyroidism is less common in people with PCOS, there may be a link, particularly in cases involving autoimmune thyroid diseases. Understanding this connection allows for early diagnosis and effective treatment. If symptoms of hyperthyroidism occur alongside PCOS, consulting a healthcare professional is essential for proper management.